How public budgets, blended instruments and private capital can be aligned to deliver Indonesia's climate targets at the speed the science demands.
Explore area
Financing mechanisms — from biodiversity credits to ecological fiscal transfers — that keep Indonesia's megadiverse ecosystems intact and productive.
Explore area
Financing models for forest conservation, restoration and community-based management, with a focus on tenure, permanence and benefit-sharing.
Explore area
Analysis of Indonesia's compliance and voluntary carbon markets — pricing, integrity, registry design and the interaction with Article 6.
Explore area
The capital structures, tariff reforms and just-transition safeguards needed to retire coal early and scale renewables across the archipelago.
Explore area
How banks, insurers and regulators should measure, disclose and manage climate-related financial risk in an archipelagic, disaster-exposed economy.
Explore area
Research on green taxonomy implementation, ESG integration and the institutional investor behaviour that determines where sustainable capital lands.
Explore areaThis report reviews energy policies and programmes adopted at the local and regional level in Indonesia and how they relate to the country's net zero emission goals. It sets out the policy landscape across regions and discusses what subnational governments contribute to the national energy transition agenda.
A harmonised panel of climate-tagged public expenditure across 34 Indonesian provinces covering fiscal years 2018 through 2024, with consistent sectoral classification and documentation of tagging methodology differences between jurisdictions.
Reza Fadhilah & Rina Hapsari
Indonesia's approach to authorising credits for international transfer will shape both its NDC accounting and the depth of its domestic market. This brief sets out the trade-offs between restrictive and permissive authorisation regimes and recommends a staged framework tied to NDC trajectory review.
Nadia Safira & Bayu Pranata
Mangrove restoration is frequently proposed as a high-integrity source of carbon credits. We assess feasibility under Indonesian conditions, focusing on three constraints rarely addressed in methodology documents: overlapping tenure claims in coastal zones, permanence risk under aquaculture price cycles, and the working-capital gap between restoration cost and first credit issuance.
Adi Nugroho & Maya Kusuma
Building a traceable climate expenditure system for the provincial government of East Kalimantan, covering budget tagging, outcome…
Designing and simulating an ecological fiscal transfer formula that rewards districts in Aceh for maintaining forest cover and protected…
Tracing results-based climate payments from the national environment fund to village institutions, and identifying where value is lost along…
The outcomes most consequential for Indonesia were not the headline pledges but three technical decisions on adaptation finance,…
Biodiversity credit markets are being designed in the same sequence that produced the credibility crisis in voluntary carbon…
Most large Indonesian banks now run climate scenario analysis. Very few translate the output into credit decisions — which is the…
CCSF is recruiting research assistants across the biodiversity finance, carbon market and climate risk workstreams.
Read story
A quarterly publication tracking price formation, traded volume and credit integrity across Indonesia's compliance and voluntary carbon…
Read story
Indonesia's flagship convening on climate and sustainable finance returns to Universitas Indonesia, with a focus on execution.
Read storyIndonesia's flagship convening on climate and sustainable finance, bringing together regulators, financial institutions, researchers and civil…
A three-day executive programme for risk and credit officers on building and interpreting climate scenario analysis.
Markers show project locations. Data is maintained by CCSF and updated as projects begin and conclude.
